關於西洋文學概論的名詞解釋

Question

求名詞解釋
如果只有其中一個的答案也沒關係


1.reversal and recognition
2.Catharsis
3.deusex machina
4.the decorum of action
5.dramatic irony
6.hamartia
7.three virgin goddness
8.three unities

Answer 1

1.reversal and recognition
Reversal is "a change of one state of affiars to its exact opposite."
Recognition is "a change from ignorance to knowledge."
"Reversal/Recognition" is when the central character in a plot sees something he wasn't aware of during the course of the story that causes them to move from a state of ignorance to knowledge about themselves or their situation.
(國外論壇找到的,我怕我翻的不好,不介意吧? : ) )

2.Catharsis
源自宗教用語,意思是淨罪,出自西元前7至8世紀從色雷斯傳入希臘的奧爾弗斯教,意指靈魂從肉體的禁錮中的解脫,在文學上指讀者需要從悲劇中尋求淨化.

3.deusex machina
我想應該是 Deus ex machina為古希臘戰劇中的解圍之神原拉丁文意指「由機械上下來的神」。最早用於希臘戲劇中，作家利用起重機等舞台特殊效果的器材，將神跡帶入舞台上來解決劇中所面臨的困境，優里皮底斯（Euripides）就因好於此道而為人所詬病。在現代戲劇中，這個詞彙的意義已被擴大，泛指任何以牽強的安排來處理不合理的問題。 (表演工作坊的網址所載)
4.the decorum of action
這會不會只有字面的意思?查不到特別的...
5.Dramatic Irony refers to when the audience of a literary work knows or perceives something that the character in the work does not know. This is most often seen in plays and creates a scene of humor or tragedy that the audience knew was going to happen-although the character had no idea of the situation s/he was being led in to.
(From Free essays library)

6.hamartia "悲劇性缺失"(Tragic Flaw)叫作 Hamartia,希臘古典文學中的悲劇性人物性格.例:Edipus錯殺他父親.

7.three virgin goddness
Hestia - Goddess of the Home Athene - Goddess of Wisdom Artemis - Daughter of Zeus (I looked up the names of Goddess and they were only three who immune to the spells of Aphrodite.)

8.Three Unities 三一律是十七世紀時在義大利與法國等地所流行的戲劇寫作方式，其中包括了時間統一律（Unity of Time）、地點統一律（Unity of Place）及動作統一律（ Unity of Action ）。其重點是要求一齣戲
（1）從頭到尾的故事發生時間不得超過24小時，
（2）必須是在一個固定的地點，
（3）事件本身必須嚴守在一個主線上而沒有分支。
(表演工作坊的網址所載)

Answer 2

第五題的第二行中間 是sense of humor 而不是scene of humor...

Answer 3

你可以去找glossary，一些專門賣原文書的書店應該有，我想誠品應該也有吧