請問一下John Donne裡的 The flea~~~~

Question

請問有人知道John Donne裡的The flea,Song,The canonization和A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning在講什麼嗎?
有關上面的四篇有任何資料都行

Answer 1

1. The Flea（跳蚤）
John作此詩致其妻。其妻之地位在John之上，而因其妻之父母反對此婚姻，故John與其妻無法相聚。吾們必須知John Donne的生平歷史與其夫妻關係，方能妥切分析此詩。
此詩以跳蚤暗喻John與其妻之婚姻，談及女人之誘惑力。在第三節中，John之妻殺死跳蚤，且曰，真愛無法忍受不忠之恐懼，猶如跳蚤之死。

在婚姻典禮中，妻與夫已合而為一，此乃因其血液已混合於跳蚤體內。詩之敘述者似乎認為，兩人實際上已成婚，因兩人被同一跳蚤所咬。此說法支持其誘惑論述，而當女人殺死跳蚤，作者說女人亦已破壞此婚姻。
敘述者再使技巧改變論述，繼而曰，若女人臣服於其面前，則殺死跳蚤將輕鬆且毫無疼痛。此為策略之變化。敘述者不再辯稱，性交非過錯，以及性交為結髮夫妻之義務，而是表示，性交不會疼痛，不妨試試。
(譯自http://www.eliteskills.com/c/11880)

2. Song
詩中之獨白者，在告訴聽者，關於女人的多變與不定。此獨白角色運用神話人物與情境，暗示堅定不變之女人僅為想像中所虛構。在第二節，此角色告訴聽者，若聽者年紀尚輕，將仍無法尋得一名「真實且美麗」之女子。在第三節，此人繼而表示，即使尋得此女子，此時在其面前，此女子早已展現其真實本色。
(譯自http://www.eliteskills.com/c/6833)

3.Symbolism and Meaning in John Donne's “The Canonization”(John Donne之作“The Canonization”之象徵與意涵)
有一詩體，名曰玄學風（Metaphysical），始自十六世紀末，並持續一整十七世紀。雖此詩體並無所公開宣言（如浪漫主義詩人所為），因而並非一詩派之運動，然而其眾詩人所探究之主題卻也相似，例如愛與宗教，詩人以實際卻也超越之方式趨近此類主題。玄學詩人之中，最偉大之一即John Donne(1572-1631)。其詩作寫於政治上、社會上、宗教上皆有劇變之時代，大體上與人之性慾與精神兩者間難解之關係有關。此問題呈現於其詩作“The Canonization”之中，在此詩中，一件戀愛情事遭受周圍社會眼光給予之汙點，被比為聖徒之殉道。學玄詩之技巧，被用以發展此主題，而同時愛則發展成一有別於東正教之宗教，並發展其所傳播之社會風俗。
(譯自http://thecutestliterature.blogspot.com/)

4. A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning (臨別贈言: 不可悲傷)
此詩溫柔地安撫敘述者之愛人，於兩人短暫別離時，要求兩人平靜地離別，莫流淚或抗拒。敘述者呈現兩人之間有性有靈之神聖之愛，藉此合理化此平靜中之慾望。Donne如此歌頌質樸之愛，常被視為「愛之宗教」，此乃Donne其他許多名詩－－如"The Canonization"與The Ecstasy－－之一重要特徵。
(譯自http://www.enotes.com/valediction-forbidding/5341)

2006-04-17 00:10:38 補充：
2.Song...「真實且美麗」..., 改為「忠實且美麗」.

Answer 2

1 The Flea:
a) speaker points to a flea that has jumped from him to the woman and bites both; b) she has hunted down and caught the flea; speaker tries to dissuade her from killing it; c) she disregards his pleas and kills it.


2 A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
The spaker's definition of the spiritual qualities of love never quite dispels his disquiet nor eases the pain of parting; consequently, the poem illustrates the failure of intellection to meet his emotional needs. Hence, he tries several images, makes several attempts to redefine things and to arrive at a consolation that works. Three main images I will examine: A) dying man, B) beaten gold, C) stiff twin compasses.

3 Song
The persona in this poem, which is also a dramatic monologue, is telling his listener about the fickleness and inconstancy of women. His use of mythological charactes and situations suggests that a constant woman is also just a figment of the imagination. In the second stanza, he tells his listener that if they were to ride for an age they would still never be able to find a woman who is "true, and fair".

4 The Canonization
The speaker asks his addressee to be quiet, and let him love. If the addressee cannot hold his tongue, the speaker tells him to criticize him for other shortcomings.
The poem simultaneously parodies old notions of love and coins elaborate new ones, eventually concluding that even if the love affair is impossible in the real world, it can become legendary through poetry, and the speaker and his lover will be like saints to later generations of lovers.