誰能告訴我分詞構句的整個文法

Question

誰能告訴我分詞構句的整個文法.....有點搞不清楚
最好是完整的說明喔

Answer 1

分詞構句
1. 分詞構句是指分詞或分詞片語修飾主要子句的主詞和動詞，表示時間、原因、條件、讓步或附帶情況等意思，通常放在主詞之前，或主詞與動詞之間，並用逗點隔開。
Walking along the street, he saw a bar.
在街上走時，他看到了一個酒吧。(表示時間)
Being caught in the rain, he got a cold.
由於被雨淋了，他感冒了。（表示原因）
Following this road, you will find the bus stop.
沿著這條路往前走,你會找到車站。（表示條件）
She called out to the man on the street, asking for help.
她對街上的人喊,請求幫助。（表示附帶情況，與主要動詞同時發出的另外動作）
Seated at the table, he was waiting for her.
他坐在桌子旁等候她。（表示方式,分詞構句中過去分詞之前的 being 可以省略）
Granting that he was drunk, I won't excuse his conduct.
即使我承認他喝醉了,也不會原諒他的行為。（表示讓步）

2. 分詞構句中的邏輯主詞必須是主要子句的主詞。【參見分詞在句中的作用】
中文：往天上看，我看到了許多星星。
（誤）Looking at the sky, many stars were seen.（主要子句的主詞是 many stars, 不是分詞構句 looking at the sky 的邏輯主詞）
（正）Looking at the sky, I saw many stars.（主要子句的主詞是 I，也是分詞構句的邏輯主詞）
　
3. 當獨立分詞構句的邏輯主詞泛指一般人如 we, you, onespeaking, I don't have enough money to pay the bill.
坦白地說, 我的錢不夠付帳單。

一.分詞構句的種類
表時間→Walking along the street, I met Mary.
(= While I was walking along the street, I met Mary.)
(在街上走的時候,我遇到瑪莉)
表原因→Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.
(=Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest.)
(因為疲倦,我停下來休息)
表條件→Turning to the left, you will find the school.
　　　　(=If you turn to left,you will find the school.)
(向左轉,你就會找到那個學校)
表讓步→Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.
(=Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.)
(雖然他知道我的住處,但他從來不來看我)
表連續或附帶狀況→I stood there, Waiting for her.
(=I stood there, and waited for her.)
(我站在那裡等她)
說明：
1.引導上述副詞子劇的連接詞有下列幾個：
表「時間」：when, while, before, after, as soon as...
表「原因」：as, because...
表「條件」：if, unless...
表「讓步」：though, although...
2.表「連續或附帶狀況」的分詞構句是由and或but的對等子句簡化而來的。
例：The train left Tainan at 7:00, arriving in Taipei at 12:00.→表示[連續的兩個動作]
(=The train left Tainan at 7:00, and arrived in Taipei at 12:00.)
例：She smiled at me but said nothing.→表示「附帶狀況」
=She smiled at me,saying nothing.(她對著我微笑,什麼都沒說。)

2005-11-23 19:08:42 補充：
二.簡單式分詞構句之位置與條件：
主動：V-ing... , S+V (動詞時間一致)
被動：(Being) + p.p. ... , S+V

2005-11-23 19:09:09 補充：
例句：Seeing the policeman, he ran away.
　=When he saw the policeman, he ran away. (他看到警察就跑了)
　　　Seen from the mountain, Taipei looks beautiful at niht.
　=When it is seen from the mountain,Taipei looks beautiful at niht.
　(從山上看下來,台北的夜晚是美麗的。)

2005-11-23 19:09:27 補充：
說明：
1.副詞子句的「時間」與主要子句的「時間」一致時。
2.前後主詞相同時。
3.過去分詞的"Being"可省略。

2005-11-23 19:09:55 補充：
三.完成式分詞構句之位置與條件
主動：Having + p.p. (先發生)... , S + V (後發生)
被動：(Having been)+ p.p. ... , S + V
例句：Having finished my work, I went home.
=After I had finished my work, I went home. (做完工作之後我就回家了。)
(Having been) written in haste, the book has some daults.
(這本書因倉促寫成,所以有一些錯誤。)

2005-11-23 19:10:04 補充：
說明：
1.副詞子句的「時間」在主要子句「時間」之前
2.前後主詞相同時。
3.過去分詞前的"Having been"可省略。

Answer 2

就是主詞相同時,後面ㄉ主詞省略 動詞改成動名詞
文法: S.(主詞同一人事物) + V. + ~~ + 連接詞+S..(主詞同一人事物)+ V.
= S. + V. + ~~ ,連接詞+ Ving
EX: The little girl can become good friends to their older sisters when she growing up.
→The little girl can become good friends to their older sisters when growing up.