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今天英文老師說「哭」有很多種,每種都有一個單字,有哪些呢?

像是哭、嚎啕大哭、啜泣、乾嚎~~等

2005-02-25 18:13:19 · 4 個解答 · 發問者 Anonymous in 社會與文化 語言

4 個解答

同義:
vi.哭
wail
sob
weep
bawl

同義參見:
squeal
yowl
whimper
yell
howl
shriek
squall1
gripe
call
hurrah
hoot
scream
moan
bark1
slogan
screech
shout
whine

2006-06-30 08:06:24 · answer #1 · answered by Cherie 5 · 0 0

to cry(大哭); to sob(啜泣); to weep(哭泣); to snivel(嗚咽而泣); to be in tears(流眼淚);to wail and whine(哭天喊地);to blubber(哭哭啼啼)...等

2005-02-25 18:43:53 · answer #2 · answered by Cheryl 6 · 0 0

談哭泣 #1 (共4集)

On "Crying"

一談到「哭」就使人想到「孟姜女哭倒萬里長城」這則秦始皇暴政時代下可歌可泣的民間故事。一位婦人想哭倒萬里長城的一角倒也真不容易,想必是她的「嚎啕大哭」(cried her heart out),終於「動天地而泣鬼神」所致。在本文裡,我不是要談孟姜女,而是要談一談英文動詞中各種不同種類的「哭」與「泣」。

不像「笑」,「哭泣」並不是人類獨有的能力,遇到痛苦而號叫流淚在其他動物也有所見;比如形容「假哭泣」或「假慈悲」的crocodile tears(鱷魚的眼淚)就是一個例子吧。雖然如此,遭遇到特殊情況時所發出的,如「喜極而泣」(cry with joy),「感激涕零」(moved to tears;shed grateful tears)等,則是人類才具有的一種發洩強烈情感的方式。

中文裡的「哭」指的是,因傷心而流淚並發出悲痛的聲音;也就是指有聲帶淚,哀聲嚎啕之意。「泣」則是指只流淚而不出聲,如「飲泣」、「泣不成聲」等。

英文的“cry”也有兩個主要含義:一是「叫」,另一是「哭」。因此,“cry”常指「號哭」、「哭喊」等有聲帶淚的哭泣。同時,“cry”的範圍相當廣泛,可以用在各種場合及層次,如從「身心的痛苦而哭」到「喜極而泣」。因此中文的「哭」與英文的“cry”字義不謀而合,非常相似。

She cried for joy.
(她高興得哭了。)
The patient cried with pain.
(那病人痛苦地哭喊。)
She was crying over her misfortune.
(她為自己坎坷的命運而哭。)
The little girl cried herself to sleep.
(那小女孩哭累而睡著了。)

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談哭泣 #2 (共4集)

On "Crying"

但是“cry”有時也指「以淚洗面」而不出聲的「泣」。下面舉出其若干英英辭典所下的定義:

1. (vi.) to make inarticulate sobbing sounds; expressing grief, sorrow or pain.
(American Heritage Dictionary, College Edition)
2. (vi.) to sob and shed tears, in expressing sorrow, pain, etc.
(Webster's Dictionary, College Edition)
3. (vi.) to weep; shed tears, with or without sounds.
(Random House College Dictionary)
4. (vi.) to produce tears from the eyes with or without sounds, expressing
grief, sorrow, sadness, etc.(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)

“to cry”的同義字不少:有 weep,wail,sob,whimper,keen,bowl,howl,blubber等。其中與“cry”含義最相近的要算是“weep”了。

“to weep”的特徵是因(1)悲痛或悲哀而(2)流淚。換句話說“weep”是從心底發出來「聲淚俱下」的慟哭。“weep”與“cry”雖字義相近,但仍有不同之處。“weep”是常用於寫作,並指流淚多於哭聲,也就是重「淚」而不重「聲」;“cry”則是相反,是重「聲」而不重「淚」。下面舉出若干例句作為參考:

She couldn't control her feeling and began to weep.
(她無法控制情緒而開始慟哭。)
The baseball players wept over their failure.
(棒球隊員因輸球而痛哭。)
The girl wept at the news of her boyfriend's death.
(那女孩為男朋友去世的消息而慟哭。)
She wept for (or with) joy.
(她喜極而流淚。)
The girl wept herself to sleep.
(那女孩哭倦而睡著了。)

在這裡要指出“weep”與“cry”的另一個不同之點:“weep”是因傷心或悲痛而慟哭;因而不懂人世間悲歡離合為何物的嬰孩是只會“cry”而不會“weep”的:A baby cries and never weeps. (嬰孩會哭而不慟哭。)

從前中國各地舉行葬禮時,常常僱用「號男」及「號女」以壯聲勢及增加悲戚氣氛。這些僱來的號男號女稱為weepers。我曾經看過義大利電影裡也有僱用weepers的場面,可見歐洲也有同樣的習俗。在愛爾蘭也有對死者表示哀悼而發出像歌唱也像哭喊的悲傷聲音,稱之為“keen”,就像中國的號男號女的哭法一般。下面舉出若干字典對“keen”所下的定義:

1. (n.) (in Ireland) an expression of grief for the dead that is like a loud
sad song or cry. --- (vi.) to sing a keen; to make sound like a keen (Longman)
2. (vi.) to wail or lament loudly. --- (n.) a loud wailing lament for the dead.(American Heritage)

談哭泣 #2 (共4集)
On "Crying"
另一種「哭」是"wail"。"to wail"是指由於悲傷或哀痛而尖聲地哭哭啼啼,或哭個不停:
The woman wailed with sorrow.
(那婦人悲淒地哭個不停。)
"He has taken my apple." The girl wailed.
(「他把我的蘋果搶走了」,那個女孩哭哭啼啼地說)。
She kept wailing that she was lonely.
(她因寂寞而哭啼不已。)
「哭哭啼啼」還有一個字-"to whimper"。"whimper"與"wail"的不同之處在於"wail"是用尖銳的聲音而"whimper"是用低聲哭啼,也是嗚咽地、抽噎地低泣,也常指因委屈、膽怯或恐懼而發出來的啜泣。
The sick boy lay in bed and whimpered.
(那病童躺在床上嗚咽啜泣。)
The lost girl whimpered for her mother.
(那迷失的女孩抽噎低泣著找她媽媽。)
The American Heritage Dictionary在"whimper"一字的註釋中,將"whine"列為"whimper"的同義字。"to whine"常用於指狗以尖聲狺狺哀叫,如:The dog whined outside the door, asking to be let in.(狗在門外狺狺哀叫著要進來)。用於「人」時,就像臺灣話的"h'ee"(哼)〔用鼻音發/hi/的聲音;兩者聲音相似,意義也相近,如小孩逛街看到喜歡的玩具,哀求父母買給他而「哼」個不停;Don't be whining, kid, we'll buy it for you.(孩子,不要哼個不停,我們買給你就是了)。
"whimper"與"whine"有一點不同:"whimper"是斷斷續續地低聲哭泣;然而"whine"卻是拉長聲音,用尖銳聲音哭泣。
還有一對發音相近,意義差不多的中、英文字-"to howl [haul]"與「號」或「嚎」,中文的「號」或「嚎」都是指「嚎啕」之意;英文的"howl"常接with而意謂"to weep loudly" (Longman)或"to cry or wail loudly, as in pain, sorrow, or anger" (American Heritage)等。學習語言之困難在於一字常有許多不同的意思,甚至相反的意義;"howl"用作美國俚語(slang)時,就指「痛快地笑」(to laugh heartily)而與「哭」形成完全相反的意思。原來"howl"為「狗狺,狼嚎」之意,用於此義時,其字義中、英文是完全相同。
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談哭泣 #3 (共4集)

On "Crying"

以前曾有位香港武打影星,因愛妻心切而把她毆打成傷。當記者訪問時,他「語帶嗚咽斷斷續續以幾乎聽不到的聲音,自顧自陳述:『我太愛她了...』」。他此時的啜泣就是英文的"sob"的典型哭式。

"to sob"一般翻譯為「啜泣,嗚咽」等等。"sob"是指受委屈,虐待或悲傷而無處訴苦時,抽噎地唏噓或哽咽而哭泣;"sob"也可以說是最容易引起別人的同情,也令人鼻酸的哭法:

The boy sobbed because he lost all of his money.
(那男孩因丟了他所有的錢而啜泣。)
The movie star from Hong Kong sobbed desperately when his wife decided to leave him.
(當他太太決定離開他時,香港影星絕望地啜泣著。)
Cinderella sobbed in the kitchen when her stepsisters left for the ball.
(當她的〔繼母所生的〕姐姐們離家赴舞會時,灰姑娘在廚所啜泣著。)
"to sob"是抽噎而唏噓地哭泣;如果把嗓門提高一點哭聲放大些就變成"to bowl" (vi. to cry or sob loduly)。此字常用做及物動詞,意謂「大聲喊叫」,「粗聲咆哮」等。
最後來談一談"blubber"。"to blubber"是相當於中文的「嚎啕大哭」或「放聲大哭」甚至有時指無理取鬧地大叫大哭,或諧謔地指哭得天翻地覆:

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談哭泣 #4 (共4集)
On "Crying"
Stop blubbering! I can't hear what you're saying.
(不要哭成那樣,我聽不清楚你在說什麼!)
A child your age shouldn't blubber over a lost toy like that!
(像你這麼大的小孩不應該為丟了玩具就哭成那樣!)
"blubber"還有「(vi.)哭腫眼」及「(vi.)哭訴」之意。順便在此列舉其他若干「嚎啕大哭」的說法:
He cried loudly.
He cried like a baby.
He cried unrestrainedly.
He burst out crying.
He wept aloud.
He cried his eyes out.
He cried his heart out.
 

2005-03-17 03:10:57 補充:
= =||| 這題到底什麼時後才要結束呢?

2005-02-25 18:22:48 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

哭 weep
大哭 cry
啜泣 sob
乾嚎 snivel

大致有這些

2005-02-25 18:18:26 · answer #4 · answered by ? 2 · 0 0

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