BIOLOGY FINALS! Can someone give me good info on RNA Transcription and RNA translation?

Question

Okay, I am doing a study guide that [thank goodness!] i can use on my biology final, but I am so clueless when it comes to RNA Transcription and RNA translation. I tried so hard to understand, but it confuses me. So, anyway, I was wondering if someone could explain to me both RNA transcription and RNA translation. What information I would like is what it generally is, and how it works, such as the steps to it. Please, I really need help!!!

Answer 1

you+not knowing what that means=SCREWED!!
lol

just call the genius in your class and ask him if you can meet him before school and copy off of his. works every time.

(it's not what you know....it's who you know)

Answer 2

Transcription is when the DNA gets "unzipped". It goes through three phases, initiation phase when the RNA polimerase physically forces apart the double strand by bonding to it. The elongation phase moves the gene by unzipping it and forms an RNA strand through complementry infomration from the DNA, and nucleotides are added. The termination phase is when the enzyme hits the stop codon and the DNA molecule falls off. It takes place inthe nuceleus and basically makes an RNA copy of the DNA. The information is transcibed into messenger RNA.

Translation happens in the cytoplasm and its when it takes the four letters (G, C, T, and A) and turns them into a 20 letter language. It happens in the ribosomes. The message is read then translated to the 20 amino acids. RNA polymer is involved in picking up the amino acide involved in the next codon to link to it. The strands on p-site break bonds and jump to a-site. The a-site attracts free-flowing RNA with anticodons. There are four basic steps of translation: 1. Codon recognition 2. peptidebond formation. 3. translocation. 4. mRNA (messenger RNA) movement--circles around, keeps happening.

I hope that helps some...I know how confusing it gets! Draw pictures and copy diagrams!

Answer 3

To "transcribe" means to write something in another way -- like a secretary transcribes what a doctor has recorded on tape.

RNA transcription writes the DNA code in another way -- copying the DNA gene in the form of a strand of mRNA. Steps:
-- Enzymes "unzip" the DNA in the area of a gene.
-- More enzymes bring RNA nucleotides to match the unzipped bases of the DNA. If DNA says A T C G A G, the matching mRNA says U A G C U C. (Match up just like DNA, except if you have the urge to write a T, use U instead!)

After transcription, the newly formed mRNA strand separates from the gene and goes out of the nucleus through one of the pores in the nuclear envelope. It goes to a ribosome.

Since the gene has been copied, enzymes zip the two sides of the DNA back together.

Translation means changing something into another language -- like when you read an English sentence and you write it over in French.

RNA translation is when the mRNA code is written over again in the form of a chain of amino acids that fold up to make a protein. The steps are:
-- The strand of mRNA is "read" three bases at a time. Each set of three bases is called a codon. For every three-base codon, there is a matching anticodon that is part of a tRNA molecule. If the codon says A U G, then the anticodon says U A C.
-- The tRNA that has the matching anticodon brings a particular amino acid to the site.
-- Another tRNA anticodon matches the next mRNA codon. This tRNA adds its amino acid to the growing protein chain. Eventually, the whole amino acid chain has been formed. The chain folds up into a characteristic shape and that's the protein.
-- So the mRNA strand with all of its bases has been translated into a protein.

Answer 4

Well, to put it _extremely_ simply, transcription and translation are two stages of the process through which the genetic information that is coded as DNA produces its end products, the proteins.

In TRANSCRIPTION, a segment of the double-stranded DNA (a gene) is copied to produce a single-stranded RNA. This RNA is formed by nucleotids like DNA, except some nucleotids are different.
In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs within the cell nucleus.
So
DNA --> RNA

So now there's a strand of RNA formed by nucleotids, but the end product is proteins, which are formed by aminoacids. Therefore, one type of information (sequence of nucleotids) has to be "translated" into a different kind (a sequence of aminoacids). This second process is therefore called (yes, you guessed it!) TRANSLATION.

Translation is possible because there is a correspondence between the nucleotid sequence and the aminoacids. The nucleotid sequence is "read" in groups of 3; each of these groups is called a codon and corresponds to a specific aminoacid. This correspondence is called "genetic code".
In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, and more precisely, at the ribosomes.

So
RNA --> a protein

Many enzymes and other elements take part in these processes. As the actual accounts are quite complex, I suggest you get a Biology textbook with good illustrations, read it and try to follow the explanation with the pictures.

Here are some sites with accounts, with different levels of complexity:
http://www.genomeeducation.ca/GEcurious/crashCourse/proteinsSynthesis.asp?l=e
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/makingprotein;jsessionid=C45D9C0027434FFFFCA898DEAAC56546
http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?tk=32
http://www.med.uottawa.ca/patho/devel/
http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/mol_gen.htm

I hope this helps. But remember no website replaces a good textbook!!

Answer 5

Messenger RNA ( m-RNA ) - copies the information on the DNA and brings it to the ribosome Transfer RNA ( t-RNA ) - brings amino acids to the ribosome, and creates the protein chain according to the information on the m-RNA. Ribosomic RNA ( r-RNA ) - the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place is made by rRNA. It provides the surface for the process.

Answer 6

http://www.biologymad.com/master.html?http://www.biologymad.com/Genetics/Genetics.htm

That's a good site that you may want to check out. ^_^ All the best!